German Shepherd Dog

Breed Type: Herding
Common nicknames: GSD, Alsatian
Coat: Double
Hypoallergenic: No, they will likely trigger allergies.
Temperament: Loyal, high-energy, intelligent, independent
Life expectancy: 7-13 years
Color & patterns:
Hero image
German Shepherd Dog - Black
German Shepherd Dog - Gray
German Shepherd Dog - Liver
German Shepherd Dog - sable
German Shepherd Dog - sable
German Shepherd Dog - white
When it comes to loyalty, bravery, and intelligence, the German Shepherd is a force to be reckoned with. These regal pups are known for their striking good looks, their sharp minds, and fearless spirits. In fact, this large breed (which typically weighs between 50 and 90 pounds) may be best known for their athletic build and powerful presence, but they also excel at working jobs in the police and military, on search-and-rescue teams, as therapy dogs, and more. With their protective instincts and unwavering devotion, they make fantastic family pets. If you’re looking for a pup who’s ready to take on the world with you, the German Shepherd might just be the perfect fit.

German Shepherd Dog characteristics

Learn about about German Shepherd Dog basics like their fur colors, shedding levels, how much grooming they need, and other German Shepherd Dog facts.

Average height

22-26 inches (55.9-66.0cm)

Average weight

48-97 pounds (21.8-44.0 kg)

Average lifespan

7-13 years

Exercise needs
Low-key activityHigh-energy workouts
Grooming needs
OccasionallyFrequently
Full-grown size
Teeny tinySuper size
Good with cats
Likely to chaseHey, new pal!
Good with kids
Needs lots of supervisionReady to play
Training aptitude
HeadstrongEager to please
What is the rarest color of a German Shepherd?

The rarest color for German Shepherds is the Isabella-colored German Shepherd, also known as the lilac German Shepherd. Other rare colors include Blue, Gray, Liver, and White. The rarity of these German Shepherds has made them somewhat sought after, but when choosing a German Shepherd, it’s wise to prioritize health, temperament, and suitability for your needs over uncommon coat colors.

What colors do German Shepherds come in?

The most common color German Shepherds come in is the classic black and tan. Other variations include sable (with a mix of black and gray or tan hairs), solid black, black and red (with reddish tan markings), bi-color (mostly black with lighter tan markings), and white (with or without light tan or cream markings). There are also liver-colored German Shepherds, but they are less common. Color variations do not impact German Shepherds’ intelligence, temperament, or working abilities.

How much do German Shepherds shed?

German Shepherds are moderate to heavy shedders who shed their topcoats year-round but shed their undercoats twice a year during seasonal changes. During these seasons, which are commonly known as “blowing their coat,” there is a significant increase in the amount of hair they shed. But regular grooming, including brushing, can help manage the shedding to some extent by removing loose hair and preventing mats.

How big do German Shepherds get?

Female German Shepherds stand 22 to 24 inches high and weigh 65 to 70 pounds, while Male German Shepherds are 24 to 26 inches high and weigh 80 to 90 pounds.

German Shepherds’ size vary between types as well. Working-line German Shepherds, for instance, might be slightly smaller and more lean, as they are bred for agility and performance. Show line Shepherds, on the other hand, may be larger and more robust, meeting specific breed standards for appearance.

How long do German Shepherds live?

German Shepherds typically live between 10 and 13 years, but factors such as genetics, diet, exercise, and healthcare play a crucial role in determining their lifespan. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and an active lifestyle can contribute to a longer and healthier life for your German Shepherd. Each dog is an individual, however, so there can be some variation in their lifespan.

When do German Shepherds stop growing?

German Shepherds usually stop growing between 18 to 24 months of age. However, they may continue to fill out and develop muscle tone after this point. During the first year, they experience rapid growth, and then their growth rate begins to slow down.

Are German Shepherds hypoallergenic?

No, German Shepherds are not considered hypoallergenic. They are known to trigger allergies in some individuals who are sensitive to pet dander. Their double coat, consisting of a dense undercoat and a longer, coarser outer coat, can release allergenic proteins into the environment. 

Individual reactions to allergens can vary, so spending time with a German Shepherd before bringing one home can help assess any potential allergic reactions.

How many types of German Shepherds are there?

There's one breed of German Shepherd, but two main types (or bloodlines) within the breed: the working line and the show line. There are five types of German Shepherds within these two types: the West German Working Line, East German Working Line, Czech Working Line, American Show Line, and European Show Line.

German Shepherd Dog history

Learn about where this German Shepherd Dog came from!

What were German Shepherds bred for?

German Shepherds were originally bred for herding and guarding livestock, as their intelligence, strength, and agility made them excellent working dogs in the fields. Their adaptability and keen sense of loyalty also contributed to the breed being hardworking and devoted partners for people in a variety of tasks.

For example, 48,000 German Shepherds served in the German armed forces as message carriers, telephone line layers, and scouts in World War I. The Allied forces noted what a great aid they were to the Germans and brought back many to America and Great Britain.

German Shepherds’ capabilities extend beyond their historical roles, and they continue to excel in many modern roles and are beloved family companions today.

Where are German Shepherds from?

German Shepherds, as their name suggests, are from Germany. All German Shepherds are descendants of a small group of shepherd dogs from northwest Germany. In 1900, retired cavalry officer Max von Stephanitz established the German Shepherd Club and registered the world’s first “German Shepherd.” 

German Shepherd Dog temperament

Learn about about the German Shepherd Dog temperament and how well they fit into your lifestyle, home environment, and family.

Are German Shepherds good with kids?

Yes, German Shepherds can be great family dogs when well-trained and properly socialized. These dogs are bred for obedience, so their fidelity to their family members, including babies and children, is paramount for them. They are loving and protective of those they spend a lot of time with but can be wary of strangers, so like with all dogs, their temperament around other children largely depends on whether or not you raise them to be friendly and sociable.

As with any breed, it is recommended that your child is always supervised when interacting with your German Shepherd to keep both the child and dog safe. Teaching children how to properly approach and handle dogs is also crucial to ensure positive experiences for both the dog and the child, as is teaching dogs how to interact gently with children.

Are German Shepherds aggressive?

No, German Shepherds are not inherently aggressive. Their behavior can be influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, training, lack of socialization, and the environment in which they are raised. It’s crucial for German Shepherds to receive early and consistent training and socialization to ensure they become well-adjusted and social pups.

If you are concerned by any signs of aggression or reactivity in your dog, be sure to address it promptly with the help of a professional trainer or behaviorist. Pain, discomfort, or underlying medical conditions can sometimes contribute to changes in a dog’s behavior, so it may also be worth visiting a vet to rule out their health as a cause for signs of aggressive behavior.

Are German Shepherds easy to train?

Yes, German Shepherds are easy to train. These highly trainable dogs are at their best when their energy is directed into useful pursuits. Their alert, receptive temperament and keen intelligence make them very adaptable to learning. Just keep in mind that even if a certain dog breed is known to be easy to train, training any dog requires a long-term commitment.

Can a German Shepherd be left alone during the day?

Yes, German Shepherds can be left alone during the day, but they should not be left alone more than eight hours a day. Because they are a high-energy breed, they also must have sufficient exercise and mental stimulation. A tired dog is less likely to engage in destructive behavior out of boredom.

Do German Shepherds bark a lot?

Yes, German Shepherd Dogs bark a lot; they were bred to bark and alert. The amount they bark can vary from one individual to another and can be influenced by factors such as training, socialization, and the dog’s environment. These highly trainable pups can also be taught to curb their barking as well with positive reinforcement.

What is the best companion dog for a German Shepherd?

The best companion dog for a German Shepherd is highly dependent on the personality and temperament of the individual dog. But generally speaking, larger breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, or Belgian Malinois can make excellent companions for German Shepherds because they share similar energy levels, intelligence, and friendly nature, making for a great dynamic duo.

Are German Shepherds good dogs?

Yes, German Shepherds can be excellent dogs when they are trained well and when matched with an active family. These pups require consistent training, socialization, and exercise, and, if not properly cared for or if they don't match a pet parent’s lifestyle, they can develop behavioral issues. So, while they can be great dogs, it's important to assess your own circumstances and readiness before getting a German Shepherd.

How smart are German Shepherds?

German Shepherds are renowned for their high intelligence. In fact, they consistently rank among the most intelligent dog breeds. Their intelligence is a key factor in their versatility and ability to excel in various roles, including as working dogs, police dogs, search and rescue dogs, and service dogs.

Are German Shepherds good family dogs?

Yes, German Shepherds can be great family dogs. With the right family, proper training, socialization, and exercise, these dogs are very friendly and loving. They can be extremely protective of their family and cautious of strangers, so they make marvelous protectors. However, they are a working dog breed, so they do best when given exercise and something to do on a regular basis.

Are German Shepherds good with cats?

Yes, German Shepherds can coexist peacefully with cats but requires early socialization, training, and careful monitoring. Because of their herding instincts and prey drive, some might not make the best companions to cats as they may spend most of their time chasing them. However, many German Shepherds are incredibly cat-friendly dogs.

German Shepherd Dog health

Learn about about the German Shepherd Dog health outlook and what diseases they may be prone to at various stages of their life.

Do German Shepherds need to be groomed?

Yes, German Shepherd Dogs need regular grooming. Their double coat needs consistent brushing to prevent matting and excessive shedding. While they don’t need frequent baths, maintaining their coat health, nail length, and overall hygiene is essential for their well-being and comfort.

What do German Shepherds usually die from?

According to a 2017 study, the primary causes of death for German Shepherds are musculoskeletal disorders and inability to stand. Hip dysplasia and degenerative myelopathy are common disorders associated with German Shepherds.

What diseases are German Shepherds prone to?

German Shepherds are prone to hip dysplasia (which can lead to arthritis), but major attention to this problem has been given, and thanks to breeding screening, the issue has been massively reduced. German Shepherds are, however, prone to a number of other diseases, including the following.

  1. Megaesophagus: Megasesophagus is a common condition in German Shepherds that occurs when the esophagus becomes enlarged and makes it difficult for your dog to pass food properly. A dog’s inability to pass food properly can cause food and liquid to accumulate in the esophagus. Megaesophagus is not generally life-threatening, but can lead to vomiting, cough, nasal discharge, and malnutrition. There is no cure for megaesophagus, but diet changes can help your pup get the proper nutrients he needs to stay healthy.

  2. Degenerative myelopathy (DM): This is a disease that affects the spinal cord and causes progressive paralysis in the hind legs. There is no available treatment in most cases, but dogs can now be screened for this disease with a simple saliva test.

  3. Bloat: German shepherds are also predisposed to bloat, a sudden and life-threatening swelling of the abdomen. Recognizing the symptoms of bloat is very important. If you see your dog throw up bile, hack without producing any vomit, pace, or see that their stomach is visibly larger, get them to the vet immediately. Their abdomen will likely be tight and painful to the touch.

  4. Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI): EPI is a genetic disease of the pancreas that destroys the cells that produce digestive enzymes. The disease makes dogs unable to digest and absorb food. The first signs of EPI are gas, loss of appetite, weight loss, and change in stools, which can lead to malnutrition. EPI is diagnosed with a simple blood test and can be treated by adding pancreatic enzymes to your dog's food.

Popular German Shepherd Dog mixes

A few common German Shepherd Dog mixes include:

  • German Pit (Pit Bull + German Shepherd)

  • Shepsky (German Shepherd + Husky)

  • Weimshepherd (Weimaraner + GSD)

  • Shug (German Shepherd Dog + Pug)

  • Alaskan Shepherds (Alaskan Malamute + GSD)

  • Spanierd (English Springer Spaniel + GSD)

German Shepherd Dog Mixes picture

Find German Shepherd Dog puppies near you

Adopting a German Shepherd Dog

Learn about acquiring a German Shepherd Dog - the pros and cons of adopting versus going through a breeder, and associated costs.

Photo of Sarah

Sarah

German Shepherd Dog

Female, 5 yrs 4 mos

Los Angeles, CA

Color
Black - with Tan, Yellow or Fawn
Size
(when grown) Large 61-100 lbs (28-45 kg)
Details
Not good with kids
Good with dogs
Not good with cats
Spayed or Neutered
Shots are up-to-date
Story
Sarah just loves WATER! She jumps into the large 40 gallon water buckets we have and just lays in them lol She does not like being left outside during the day but enjoys playing with Bear when the temperatures cool down. She loves other dogs and it would be nice for her to have playmates. She learns quickly and kennels herself when it's time for the small dogs to come outside and play. She has not clue how big she is so we can't let her play with small dogs as she tackles even dogs her size. Sarah is an owner surrender :( She is young energetic and shy. She's had a hard week having to leave the only family she's known. She's already been to the vet and is currently recovering from being spayed. I'm sure we will see more of her personality as she starts to decompress. To apply go to rocknpawzrescue.com and Download the application and return it to rocknpawzrescue@gmail.com
Photo of Bronagh

Bronagh

German Shepherd Dog Siberian Husky

Female, 1 yr 6 mos

Los Angeles, CA

Color
Black - with Tan, Yellow or Fawn
Size
(when grown) Large 61-100 lbs (28-45 kg)
Details
Not good with kids
Not good with dogs
Not good with cats
House-trained
Spayed or Neutered
Shots are up-to-date
Story
Meet Bronagh! A spirited one-and-a-half-year-old German Shepherd and Siberian Husky mix from Tacoma, WA, whose heart races with joy at the thought of playtime, sunshine, and chasing tennis balls across a wide-open yard. With her sleek black and tan coat and boundless puppy energy, Bronagh is the kind of girl who turns every walk into an adventure and every toy into her new favorite! She’s growing fast—expected to be a strong and athletic 80 pounds—and she’s looking for a human best friend who can keep up with her zoomies, laugh at her goofy antics, and match her passion for play. Born into a big litter of seven, Bronagh has always had siblings to run with, and while she got along great with her brothers, she's decided she prefers the company of boys to girls when it comes to canine friends. She hasn’t had a ton of social experience outside her family pack yet, so her future caregivers should plan on slow introductions and some continued guidance as she builds confidence around other dogs. Bronagh already knows how to "sit" and "lay down," and while she hasn't had formal obedience classes, she's bright, curious, and eager to learn! She’d thrive with positive reinforcement training and would absolutely love a pet parent who can keep her mind and body engaged. Whether it's hiking trails, long walks, or a good backyard game of fetch, Bronagh is ready to be your outdoor adventure buddy! This girl is also house-trained, microchipped, spayed, and up to date on her vaccinations. She’s crate-trained and totally fine with kennels—as long as they’re spacious and cozy. A fenced yard is a must for this high-energy sweetheart, as she needs space to burn off her puppy enthusiasm and stretch those long, athletic legs. Are you someone who’s ready for a loyal, playful, high-energy companion who will stick by your side through every muddy trail and tennis ball toss? Bronagh is waiting to meet you—and she’s got a wagging tail with your name on it! To learn more about adopting Bronagh, reach out to adopt@joyfulpets.com. Could you be her new favorite human and playtime partner? Bronagh has a couple of littermates who are also looking for new loving homes—just in case you're considering adopting more than one pup!
Photo of Tucker

Tucker

German Shepherd Dog Doberman Pinscher

Male, 4 yrs 5 mos

Los Angeles, CA

Color
Black - with Tan, Yellow or Fawn
Size
(when grown) Large 61-100 lbs (28-45 kg)
Details
Good with kids
Good with dogs
Not good with cats
House-trained
Spayed or Neutered
Shots are up-to-date
Story
Meet Tucker! A devoted four-and-a-half-year-old German Shepherd/Doberman Pinscher mix from Long Beach, CA, whose heart is as big as his 95-pound frame and as warm as his black and tan coat. Tucker is the kind of pup who makes every day feel like an adventure wrapped in a hug! With his soulful eyes, impressive smarts, and a deep love for fetch, tug of war, and dog beach romps, he's the total package. He’s got a medium energy level that’s just right—ready to play or head out for a good sniff-walk, but also just as content to curl up for a long cuddle session (his specialty, by the way)! Tucker’s a true cuddlebug, always up for sofa snuggles and belly rubs—yes, he is allowed on the furniture, and he hopes that’s the case in his new home too! He’s been through formal obedience training and knows his commands—“sit,” “down,” “leave it,” and “come”—like a pro. He thrives with gentle, positive reinforcement, and appreciates structure, especially on leash walks where seeing other dogs can get him a bit excited. He’s done well with other dogs, especially when given time and space, and he’s made great strides learning how to stay calm, even when things get noisy. Tucker does have a high prey drive, so it’s best to be mindful during energetic dog play sessions or when small animals are around. Tucker is crate trained, house-trained, neutered, microchipped, and up to date on all his vaccinations. His sensitive skin means he does best with beef or salmon-based food and sensitive skin shampoo, but he's otherwise a healthy, happy guy ready for his next chapter! He’d do great in a home with someone experienced with large breeds—someone who will enjoy his goofy side, his loyal companionship, and the joy of seeing him snoozing peacefully after a beach day or puzzle toy session. Are you ready to share your life—and your couch—with a sweet, loyal companion like Tucker? Reach out to meet him today at adopt@joyfulpets.com. He’s waiting to become someone’s favorite shadow! Could it be yours?
Photo of Mrs. Mia Wallace

Mrs. Mia Wallace

German Shepherd Dog Alaskan Malamute

Female, 7 yrs 2 mos

Los Angeles, CA

Color
Tan/Yellow/Fawn - with Black
Size
(when grown) Large 61-100 lbs (28-45 kg)
Details
Good with kids
Not good with dogs
Not good with cats
Needs special attention
House-trained
Spayed or Neutered
Shots are up-to-date
Story
Meet Mrs. Mia Wallace! A gentle seven-year-old German Shepherd/Alaskan Malamute/Siberian Husky mix from La Jolla, CA, whose quiet grace and soulful eyes offer comfort, companionship, and a love that’s as steady as her sigh before settling in for a snack. Cloaked in a stunning blend of beige and black, she carries herself with the kind of calm charm that makes you forget the world outside—preferring naps, light strolls, and the softest corners of your home, inside or out. Mrs. Mia Wallace (yes, always the full name, in true iconic fashion) is as memorable as her namesake from Pulp Fiction, though she leans far more toward sweet than sassy. She weighs about 70 pounds, but her spirit is feather-light—gently polite, endlessly patient, and full of quiet dignity. Her favorite pastimes? Sleeping, leisurely chewing on a bully stick, and occasionally nudging her ball in your direction as if to say, “Let’s take it slow.” She's great with kids and has a unique little quirk—she always lays down to eat, punctuated with a dramatic sigh that could rival any Oscar-winning performance! Diagnosed with bronchiectasis caused by a past Bordetella infection, Mrs. Mia Wallace now needs a very special kind of caregiver: someone who can offer her peace, affection, and a low-risk environment as she enjoys her golden months—estimated to be less than eight remaining. Because her condition makes her highly vulnerable to even minor illnesses, she must be the only pet in the home. But what she may lack in quantity of time, she more than makes up for in the quality of presence she brings into a room. She's fully house-trained, crate trained, vaccinated, microchipped, spayed, and even knows how to sit on command. Her routine is simple: two meals a day, some time in a fenced yard, and your quiet company. Long-distance adoptions are welcome anywhere in the U.S.—because when you meet a soul like hers, geography shouldn’t stand in the way! Could your loving home be the peaceful place where Mrs. Mia Wallace spends her final chapter wrapped in comfort and kindness? Contact adopt@joyfulpets.com to learn more about welcoming this special girl into your life!
Photo of Kona

Kona

German Shepherd Dog Dutch Shepherd

Male, 4 yrs 8 mos

Los Angeles, CA

Color
Brindle
Size
(when grown) Med. 26-60 lbs (12-27 kg)
Details
Not good with kids
Not good with dogs
Not good with cats
Needs experienced adopter
House-trained
Spayed or Neutered
Shots are up-to-date
Story
Meet Kona! A lively four-and-a-half-year-old German Shepherd mix from sunny San Diego, CA, whose spirit is as bold as his beautiful dark brown brindle coat. Weighing in at a sprightly 40 pounds, Kona is a medium-sized bundle of energy, loyalty, and love who’s ready to chase his way right into your heart! Kona is an adventurous pup who loves leading the way on walks and thrives when he’s part of the action. He’s treat-motivated, knows commands like come, sit, and stay, and his favorite games include a high-speed round of tag or a tug-of-war showdown! He’s quick on his paws and even quicker to form bonds with the people he trusts. Kona is crate-trained, neutered, and fully vaccinated—with lots of potential just waiting to be unlocked with a bit of structured guidance. While he’s sweet and eager to please, Kona can be protective, especially when he’s on leash. He has shown some reactivity toward other dogs while out walking and has occasionally nipped at guests—not out of aggression, but more out of nervousness and protectiveness. There’s been no broken skin, but it’s important that his future caregivers feel comfortable helping him with confidence-building and continued socialization through positive reinforcement. A patient and experienced guardian—or someone willing to work with a trainer—will find Kona to be a loyal, hardworking companion who genuinely tries his best. Kona does well with children (he currently lives with kids aged 10 to 14) and coexists with a cat, though he’ll need slow, supervised introductions to any new animal friends. He’s not a fan of being left alone for long hours and has recently shown signs of separation anxiety, such as scratching at doors. A home with a yard and a flexible schedule—or one with a dog walker—will suit him best. Are you someone who can match Kona’s energy and offer him the security and companionship he craves? This loyal pup is ready for a new chapter with a new loving family who sees the good boy he’s working so hard to be. Reach out to adopt@joyfulpets.com—Kona can’t wait to meet his new adventure buddy!
Photo of Samantha

Samantha

German Shepherd Dog Doberman Pinscher

Female, 2 yrs 9 mos

Los Angeles, CA

Color
Black - with Tan, Yellow or Fawn
Size
(when grown) Large 61-100 lbs (28-45 kg)
Details
Not good with kids
Not good with dogs
Not good with cats
Shots are up-to-date
Story