Terrier Traits: Common Behaviors Across Terrier Breeds

Terriers were bred to work by themselves, so they’re insanely smart, fiercely independent, and have a prey drive that makes neighborhood squirrels nervous. Terriers and their mixes often inherit a good blend of high energy and curiosity. These dogs usually thrive with consistent training, mental stimulation, and daily exercise, which help prevent common terrier behaviors such as barking, digging, or chasing small animals.

But here’s the payoff: Their spark also makes them wildly affectionate, goofy, and genuinely delightful to live with. For the right home, they’re pure entertainment with a side of snuggles.

All about terrier dogs

Spend a little time around terriers, and you’ll notice a pattern among them. Each type of terrier has their own look, but they usually share the same characteristics, such as feistiness, determination, and quick thinking. Terrier dogs are known for these traits, which explains why terriers, as a group, tend to have such spirited personalities.

There are more than 30 recognized types of terriers — each one bred for a specific type of work. Some patrolled farms. Others hunted vermin in cities. And kinds of terriers were bred to squeeze into burrows to flush out small animals. No matter the setting, terriers needed to be fast, bold, and driven enough to stay focused on the job. Even today, long after most terriers have transitioned into companion roles, many still carry the instincts that helped them excel in those environments.

Their builds have adapted for the purpose of working. Terriers tend to be sturdy and compact, with quick, athletic movement and a confident posture. Their coats evolved to protect them outdoors, so they are usually short and wiry. Terriers also have strong jaws and expressive faces.

A dog designed to dig, chase, or think independently will naturally have higher energy levels and come with a desire to hunt, which is why terriers often thrive in active households. Prospective adopters looking for the best small dog breeds may see terriers mentioned a lot thanks to their adaptability, size, and bold curiosity.

Terrier personality and traits

Because terriers come in so many varieties, they assume a wide range of looks and personalities — yet they are still united by the same core traits. A Yorkie, a Cairn Terrier, and a Jack Russell Terrier may not resemble one another at first glance. But they all tend to be sharp, confident, athletic little problem-solvers with a surprising amount of grit for their size. Terrier mixes often carry the same traits that define terrier breeds, although each dog is unique. These qualities can make terriers fun, affectionate dogs, especially for adopters who enjoy personality and spunk.

While many terriers share these traits, they’re also broad generalizations. All dogs are individuals with their own personalities, and factors such as history and socialization play a huge role in shaping their behavior.

Affectionate

Terriers may be known for their boldness, but many are incredibly loving once they bond with their families. Boston Terriers, for example, are people-pleasers and very snugly. Yorkshire Terriers form strong attachments to their humans and can quickly become your ride-or-die. You’ll likely notice the same affection in Yorkies and their mixes. Even more independent terriers, like Cairn Terriers, tend to become extremely loyal once they feel secure in a home.

Preparing your home ahead of time with resources such as how to prepare for dog adoption can help these affectionate, people-focused dogs transition more smoothly.

Energetic

If you could only use one word to describe a terrier’s personality, “high-energy” would come up most often. Jack Russell Terriers are the classic example (think Milo from The Mask). They’re fast, agile, and always ready for a challenge. Fox Terriers and Rat Terriers share similar drives and intensity. Terrier dogs with these backgrounds often need plenty of exercise and mental stimulation to thrive. A first-time pet parent checklist can help new adopters understand how to meet these needs.

Playful

Many terrier breeds have lively, playful personalities. Boston Terriers are known for their clownish, fun-loving nature, while West Highland White Terriers (Westies) tend to bring cheerful, ready-to-play attitudes into their pups. Even small terriers such as Yorkies often have big play drives and enjoy interactive games.

Independent thinkers

Terriers were bred to work without constant direction, which is why some dogs inherit a streak of independence. Cairn Terriers, Scottish Terriers, and Jack Russell Terriers are especially known for their strong opinions and problem-solving skills. This trait can make training both fun and challenging. Positive-reinforcement methods help these clever dogs stay engaged.

Low-shedding potential

Terriers with wiry or silky coats — Yorkshire Terriers, Cairn Terriers, and Border Terriers — do not shed as much as other breeds. Grooming needs vary widely by the dog, but some terrier crosses are good options for adopters looking to reduce shedding around the home.

Alert and expressive

Terriers are naturally attentive watchdogs. Cairn Terriers, Westies, and Yorkies often announce activity around the home (even if it’s just the water heater turning on), while Jack Russells may bark out of excitement or frustration. In some dogs, this can translate to expressive body language, quick reactions, and strong opinions about new sounds or visitors. Families preparing young children for life with a vocal dog may find it helpful to read about how to prepare kids for a puppy.

Terrier behavior challenges

Even the most lovable terriers come with a few quirks, and terrier dogs often inherit some challenging tendencies. These behaviors aren’t flaws. They’re simply part of what terriers were bred to do: chase, dig, alert, and think independently. Some dogs fall right into the terrier stereotype, while others only show hints of terrier spirit depending on the influence of their other breed. Understanding which terrier breeds are most associated with certain behaviors can help you prepare for life with an energetic, opinionated terrier.

Excessive barking

Barking is one of the most common terrier traits. Cairn Terriers, Yorkshire Terriers, and West Highland White Terriers tend to be especially vocal because they were bred to alert their handlers to movement or small animals. Terriers with these backgrounds may bark at noises, visitors, or just because. Consistent training and proper stimulation help prevent barking from becoming a habit.

Digging or destructive behavior

Terriers were bred to dig into burrows, so digging is second nature for breeds like Jack Russell Terriers, Cairn Terriers, and Fox Terriers. Some dogs may inherit a tendency to dig in the yard, scratch at bedding, or chew when bored or understimulated. Providing structured enrichment and preparing your home for a new dog can prevent these behaviors from escalating.

Stubbornness or independence

Terriers have strong opinions and are quick thinkers, which can sometimes look like stubbornness during training. Breeds such as Scottish Terriers, Border Terriers, and Jack Russell Terriers are known for their determination. Dogs with these backgrounds may push boundaries or try to problem-solve on their own. Short, rewarding training sessions tend to work best for these clever pups.

Recklessness or boldness

Some terriers approach life with fearless enthusiasm. Bull Terriers, Jack Russells, and Fox Terriers often rush headfirst into situations without much hesitation. Dogs with their background may jump, dash toward new dogs, or play rougher than expected. Teaching them good manners early, such as discouraging jumping up, can help prevent sticky situations.

High prey drive

Terriers were born to hunt and chase. Rat Terriers, Jack Russells, and Westies often fixate on small animals or fast movement. Dogs with this background may go after squirrels, birds, or even household pets. Structured and supervised introductions can keep smaller pets safe (but be aware that some dogs just can’t live with small animals).

Separation stress

Although not unique to terriers, many terrier dogs become attached to their families and may struggle with alone time. This can show up as barking, pacing, or destructive behavior. Learning about separation anxiety in dogs can help you support terriers as they adjust to new routines.

What terrier should I adopt?

Choosing a terrier is not about finding the best one — but it is about finding a pup whose personality matches your lifestyle. Understanding the cost of being a pet parent, including exercise needs and enrichment, can help you decide which kind of terrier might be a good fit.

Best for active adopters

Terriers with backgrounds that include Jack Russell, Fox Terrier, or Rat Terrier heritage usually thrive in homes that enjoy outdoor adventures, running, or structured training games.

Best for families

Terriers with backgrounds that include Boston Terriers and Yorkies tend to be affectionate and adaptable. Households preparing for kids and dogs living together may want to look into how to prepare kids for a puppy.

Best for relaxed or quieter homes

Older terriers, or calmer combinations, may suit adopters who prefer a low-key routine.

Commonly asked questions

What is the calmest terrier breed?

The calmest terriers often include the Boston Terrier and the Glen of Imaal Terrier. Both are known for being more even-tempered than other terrier breeds, although every dog will have their own individual temperament.

What is the most popular terrier?

One of the most popular terrier dogs is the Jack Russell Terrier–Chihuahua mix, also called the Jack Chi, which is small, lively, and affectionate.

Are terriers good family dogs?

Terrier dogs can make wonderful family dogs when they receive consistent training and guidance. They tend to be playful and loyal companions.

Do terriers bark a lot?

Many terriers have reputations as barkers. They’re highly alert, but training and enrichment can help calm their urge to bark.

Are terriers hard to train?

Terriers are intelligent and take well to training, but they may be independent. Short, positive sessions usually work best.

Do terriers get along with cats?

Some terriers can live peacefully with cats, although many have strong prey drives. Introductions should be done slowly and carefully (and preferably at a young age).